. . fl . [ki~d tv 1 if~~,A_, I I )/~ t.. /$!- SOME ::~~- ANGLICISED SURNAMES IN IRELAND BY PADRAIG MAC GIOLLA-DOMHNAIGH DUBLIN: THE GAEL CO-OPERATIVE HOCrnTY, LTD., 42, MIDDLE ABBEY RTREET. 1923.
A FOREWORD. D•D ''Among the subsidiary material which helps to explain the annals, and to give their events a place in historical sequence, the genealogies have the highest importance.'' -(Mac Neill's "Phases of Irish llistory"). In undertaking to write a foreword for this book, I do S(l with much pleasure, but, at the same time. with a great deal of diffidence, for I know how difficult it is for anyone to fully appreciate the work of another, however much they may both have laboured on kindred subjects. The amount of interesting material in this little book must have taken years to collect, but it ml:\St have been a labour of love. I am glad the author has dealt so fully with Ulster and Scottish names. The information throws a flood of light on the close connection, in early history, between the Gaels of Ireland and those of Scotland. No histori - cal evidence can be stronger than that of language, place names, and family names, to show that in the main the inhabitants of both countries were of the same Gaelic stock. Our family names and our place names are two sources o-C knowledge which help to illuminate our history, but which have been much neglected by Irish historians and antiquarians. I trust this small work of Padraig Mac Giolla Domhr:aigh will meet with such a reception :from the public as to encourage him to proceed with the larger work which he has promised us. J. J. DOYLE (bemr: te.o.R)
In issuing this small work I hope that any shortcomings may be overlooked, and there are not a few. If this work meets with encouragement, I shall prepare a larger work, and for that purpose I shall be glad to receive notes and lists of surnames in Ireland. It is a work of no moan effort to understand the various interchanges and synonyms of surnames, and the interchanges of Irish surnames in particular, from thPir original Gaelic forms. I am indebted for the information contained in this work to the works of Dr. O'Donovan, Dr. McBain. the Scottish historian; Adams' and White's "Scottish Clans"; '"fhe Celtic Monthly," and local information as regn rds Ulster, etc.
Some Anglicised Surnames in Ireland By PADRAIG MAC GIOLLA-DOMHNAIGH. Addy, Addie, Adie-11AC ADAlDH.--Thc other Anglicised forms of this name arc McAdic, McCadie, Eddy, and Eddie. A sept of the McAdies were descended from the Clan Ferguson (:'lac Fearghuis) in Perthshire. Sec Ferguson. Adams, Adamson- -11-I AC ADAIM.-- Somc families of this name are a branch-off from the l\IcGrcgors of South-Western Scoth1Hl, who later assumc<l the name of Grier, etc. Scottish families of the name of .'-cdamson settled in Cumberland, and the name in some of its anglicised forms is found in various parts of Ulster. Adam as a Christian name is pretty common in the North of Sr~otland, probably arising from the Irish missionary, St. Ad11mnan. The Mac Oonshn(imha sept in North Connncht h·1vc assumed the name of AdnmR. Adrain-0 'DREAI:!'\.--This name bclrrngerl to a sept of the McDonalds, and was long found in Kintyrc, Scotland. Allanson, Allison, Alison.- These names are reckoned to be angliciscd forms of Scottish septs of the McAllans, one sept being n brnnch of the McFarhncs of Dumbarton County, Scotland, in GnC'lic Mac Ailean. The :!\fac Callions, the chief SC'pt of th<' Cnmpbclls of Argyle, have assumed the nnmc of 1\llcn in some cuscs. Allen, Allan, Alianach-MAC AILEAN.- Thc latter name is a form assumed by a branch of th<' McAllcns, a McFarlanc sept in the North of Scotlan<l. ThC' Allens of Co. Kerry nnd othC'r parts of Munster arc dC'SCPndants of a Scottish sept of tlw nfeAllcns who came to Tirconncll from th0 West of Scotlnnd in the 15th century to serve as Gallowglasscs under th<' O'Donnclls. Tn a battle in 1558 with the forces of the Earl of Clnmickard they were defeated and dispersed, one branch settling in Co. Kerry. This sept bclongc<1 to the clan Campbell. Armstrong.- 'l'he La,-crys, or the sept known as 0 'LabhradhaTrean, or Strong O'Laverys, have in many instances in the districts of Aghalec, Crumlin, and Lisburn, in Co. Antrim,
2 SOME ANGLICISED SURNAMES IN IRELAND. and in North Co. Down, changed the name to Armstrong. Armstrong is the name of a numerous Scottish Border sept, the two principal families living at Eskdale and Liddesdale, in Roxboro; some families of the latter settling in Ulster. Andrews, Andrewson-MAC AINDRIU.-'rhis is the anglicised form of a Scottish sept name found in Ulster, also anglicised McAndrew and :!\[cKandrew. Alexander-MAC ALSANDAIR.-'l'hc name Alexander is derived from a brnnch of the McAlister Clan, in the tirst case from Alexander McAllister, brother of A11gus ~lcAllister, the. ancestor of the McAllisters of Loupe, who was son of Alexander MacAllister, Laird of Lochaber. This Alexander settled in the district of Menstrie, in Stirling Co., a part of the Campbell country. Some of this sept still retain the older anglicised forms of the name, as McAlshincler, 1\lcElshunder, M' Calshender, and M' Kelshenter respectively, in the districts of Banbridge, Lame, and Ballymena, in tho North and East of Ulster. It has been, like many other Scottish names of Gaelic origin, anglicised Alexander in Southern Scotland for over three hundred years, the same anglicising influence occurring on the borders of the English Palo in Ireland, the South-Eastern Counties of Scotland being the English Pale of that country. Ashe.-In some instances the Co. Galway sept of 0 Luaithro have anglicised their name Ashe in that county. Those of that name elsewhere are of English origin, whose original name it seems was D 'Essecourt, who came to E11gland at the Norman conquest of that country. Anderson-MAC GIOLLA-AINDRAIS.-'l'his name, found in most districts in Ulster and in Scotland, is the sept name doscenrled from Farquhar Ross, also kno\\-n as :Mac An tSagart, son of Gille-anrias, from whom the Clan Ross took their name, descended from the 0 Beolans, the old Gaelic lords of Ross-shire. The other forms the name ha~ assumed are Gilanclers, Landrish, and McLandrish. Agnew.-'l'he poet sept 0 Gnimh, chief poets to the O'Neills of Clann-Aodh-Buidhc, in Down and Antrim, have in most cases assumed the name of Agnew and Grew. The chief poet of the name in the 16th century wrote a poem entitled "The Downfall of the Guel,'' translated into the English language by Sir Samuel Ferguson. The Agnews proper are a sept descemled from a bra11ch of the }\foDonalds, written in Gaelic Mac Gneomhaighe, the surname being common in Scotland and in N.E. Ulster.
SOMB ANGLICISED SURNAMES IN IRELAND. 3 Arthur, Arthurs.-This name in Ulster and Scotland is the anglicised forms of McArthur, which surname was the leading clan of the Siol Diarmuid 0 Duibhne, latterly called the Clan Campb()ll, until they were superseded by the McCallions, the junior branch of the clan, in Gaelic Mac Artair. Other anglicised forms al'e Carter and McCarter, the former being the Isle of ..Han form. Archibald.-This name, which is used as a Christian name in Scotland and amongst the descendants of the Scottish settlers in Ulster, is the equivalent of Gille-Easbuig, to which name it has no apparent connection, and how it came to be adopted for Gille-Easbuig (Gillespie) seems to be somewhat mystifying to those with a knowledge of the Gaelic language and literature; to them the name Archibald Gillespie appears curious, in place of Gillespie Mac Gillespie (Mac Giolla-Easbuig). Aspig.-~IAC GIOLLA-EASBUIG.-Aspig is one of the anglicised forms of McGillespie; others Aspol. Askey-MAC ASGAILL.- Askey is another anglicised form of McAskell, McAskey, and McCaskie. Auld-MAC CHATHAIL.-Auld is a later anglicised form of McAulc1, and other forms of the name are 1fegall, McGall, 1I' Call, McAll, and nfcHall. See Hall. Archdeacon.- In the districts adjoining Kanturk, Co. Cork, Archdeacon has been generally assumed for the Norman name of Cody (Mac Oc1aigh)- Adair.-This name is the anglicised form of one of the '' 0 '' septs of Galloway, in Gaelic 0 Daire, and is confused sometimes in Ulster, especially in Co. Monaghan, with the ancient Fermanagh sept of 0 Dubhdarach. Bartholomew.-'rhis name, along ith Bartly, in Ulster and Scotland, is the anglicised form of Mac Fm·lane (Mac Pharlain), the Dumbarton County sept. Bartly.-MAC PHARLAIN. See Bartholomew. :Beatty, Betty.-In the districts of Enniskillen and Lisnaskea, in South Fermanagh, the name McCaffrey has been anglicised Beatty and Betty (Mac Gafraidh). Beattie and Beatty is a surname common to the ancient province of Galloway, Scotland, in Gaelic Mac A' Bhiadhtaigh, and further anglicised J\fcVitty ancl McWatty, the surname Watson and Watts being written likewise in Gaelic. See Watson.
J 4 SOME AXGLlClSED SURNAMES IN IRELAND. Bronte-0 PRONNTAIGH. See Prentice and Prunty. Bain, Bayne.-'l'his name in Tulloch, Scotland, appears also as Baine. Acronling to Dr. McBain, one of Scotland's best historians an<l antiquarians, a John l\fakferquhar Mac Gillebane livc<l near them in 1555, which evidently shows that the names are anglicisations of l\foGilvanc (Mac Giollabhain). The other anglicised forms are l\follwaine, l\fc Gilbane, and ·white. See White. Barnes.-Barnes is the anglicised form of 0 Bearain in :X. Connacht, and has been also assumed by some of the 0 'Byrne sept. Barnes itself is of Norse origin, am1 is found in Cumberland, \Yestrnorcland, and Lancashire, and was written in Norse, Bjorn. Barrington.-Barrington in South Connacht is the anglicised form of 0 Bead.in. Bridson, Bridgetson, Bridges, Brydson.-Thesc names are the anglicised forms of Mac Giolla-Brighde, contracted to Mac Brighde in Scotland and the Isle of l\fan.. These three or four anglicised forms are found mostly in the I. 0. J\L ; Bridges and Bridge in Wcstern Lanes.; McBridge in S. Scotland; and McBride in most other parts of Scotland, and in Ulster. Brodie.-Brodie is the anglicised form of a sept called 0 Brollochan in Kintyre, Scotland, and may be a branch of the 0 Brollaghan sept of Co. Derry, many of whom wcrr identified w·ith the Columbian establishment at Iona. The Chin Brodie, in the North of Scotland, is chiefly found in th<J districts of Naim. Brown.-'l'his name in N.E. Ulster and in the North and ·west of Scotland is of Gaelic origin, written in that language l\fnc A' Bhriuthainn, derived fnnn the Gaelic "britheamh " -a judge; hence McBrayne being its ncar('st form to the ori· ginal Gaelic. It is written l\I ac Abhriuin in the Gaelic Chartrr of the year 1408, when Brian Yi.car Mag Aoidh (Magee), the great ancestor of the Magees of N. E. Ulster, Lord of Rhinn~ in Kintyre, had a deed drawn up between himself and the McDonnells of the Islrs. 'l'hr Brownes nnr1 Browns of the West and Routh of Ireland, nn<l some familirs in the Lothians, Scotlanrl, arc of Norman origin, the families of that name settling in Wexford, Limerick. and Galway. Dominick being a very common name in the Galway families. The most notable of the Connacht fami· lies was Admiral Browne, born in Foxford, Co. l\Iayo.
SO}lE ANGLICISED SURNAl\[ES IN IRELAND. 5 Bole, Boal.-These names are mostly fouml in N.E. Ulster, and are some of the anglicised forms of the 0 'Boyle sept, in Gaelic 0 Baoighill. 0 'Dugan, the topogrnphrr, styles the 0 'Boyles the ''haughty hosts,'' and of the ''ruddy lips.'' 'l'hey rnled early in Old Tirconnell. Boyd.-J\f.\_C BUIDEACH.-Boyd is the family name of the early Earls of Kilmarnock, in Ayrshire. The name is common in N.E. Ulster. The nmne is found also in the Isle of Man, ''here, according to ~Ioore, it was formerly written Boddagh and McBoyd. He says it may be derived from Buadach (yictorious), but its correct derivation is "Son of the Butemun,'' as :1fcBratney, an old Galloway name, a form of Galbraith, means "Son of the Briton" (Mac A' Bhreatnaich, the Gaelic also of Galbraith), of Strathclyde, the ancient Picto-Cymric Province of S.W. Ncotland, extending to near the Ribble in Lancashire. Bigger, Biggar.-In the district of Pointzpass, Co. Armagh, and in the adjoining border districts of Co. Down, some of the nicGiverns (Mag Uidhirin) haYe assumed the name of Big· ger, Bicker, and Bickerstaff, while in the <listricts of Downpatrick and those to the :'forth they have assumed thn name of Montgomery. The names Bigger ancl Biggar are derived from the placename of Biggar, in the County of Lanark, Scotland. Blighe.-An Irish sept of the name of 0 'Blighe in Co. }Iayo have confqsecl the name with the Nortlrnmbrian name of Bligh. Bones, Bownes.-Father Wolfe gives the Gaelic respectively of these names as l\[ac Cnaimh and l\[ac Cnamhaigh, in Co. Mayo. Bone is found widely distributed from the banks of the Clyde, in Scotland, to Land's Encl, in Cornwall, and the name is of undoubted Picto-Cymric origin, ancl founa as I said, and mostly confined to the western districts of Britain. Bell.-The name is common in Southern Scotland, especially in Dumfries County. .·\clams, in his "Scottish Clans," say~ it is the anglicisecl form of McGilveil (Mac Giolla-Mhaoil), a brnnch·off from the Clan McMillin which I believe it to be 'l'he name is found all over Ulster, arnl is of Scottish ongrn. Father ·wolfc, in his work, gives us for its Gaelic form Mac Gaolla-~. n-Chloig, but doPsn 't identify any locality for this n:1me. Bird.-The names Heany, in North Connacht; H0nnghan and Henahan. in South J\fayo and districts surroun1ling Tuam, Co. Galway; and }frBneany. J\fcEncney, and ~rc~enry. in Rth.
6 SOME ANGLICISED SURNAMES IK IRELAND. Monaghan, Louth, and Meath, have been anglicised Bini, presumably because the \YOrd "can" (bird) enters into 1he construction of the names. The Gaelic of the surnames are respectively 0 h-F.anaigh, 0 h-Eannchain, and Mac AnEanaigh. Beattie, Beattison-MAC A BHEADHTAIGH.-These two smnames arc found in most parts of the old Scottish province of Galloway, a sept of the "Wild Gael" of that country. The name originates from biathach, a victualler, and the placename of Dalbeattie, perhaps, originates from the sept. Bennett.-This name is found spread over S.E. Ulster, and also in the form of lHcBennett (Mac Beineid). Art McBennett, of Forkhill, Co. Armagh, was a Gaelic poet and scribe of the 19th century. The name Bennett is pretty common in Cornwall, and, according to Guppy, is "indifferently derived from the early personal name of Benedict, and from 'benet,' a minor priest.'' This does not apply to the Ulster name, which, I think, is of Pictish origin in thnt province. Bloomer.-Bloomer is the angli~ised form of 0' Gormley in the east and southern districts of County Tyrone, and in the north-western parts of Co. Armagh-in Gaelic, 0 Goirmshlcaghaigh; though there arc different septs bearing the name of Gormley, haYing local forms of the name in Gaelic. This name is anglicised Grimley, formerly pronounced Germley, in the Madden district of the parish of Derrynoose, lying to the west of Keacly, Co. Armagh. Bowen.-Bowen is the anglicised form in latter times of the surnames Bohan and Bohanna, in the districts surrounding Bandon and Ballincollig, Co. Cork. In Gaelic, 0 Bundhachain. Bowen itself is a Celtic name of Welsh origin, written Ab'Owein. Banks.-Banks is the nnglicised form of 0 Br11ach6g in North Connacht, and 0 Bruachain in Southern Lcinstcr, derived from bruach, n hank or boundary, hence the anglicisation. Badger.-Badger is the anglicisecl form of the 0 Bruic surname. a south-western County Waterford sept. The name was writte'n 0 Brick in records, and of Firbolgean origin. 1 believe. Barnacle.-Barnacle is the anglicised form of Coyne ancl Kync in various districtR of Connacht, especially in Co. Rligo and west Co. Galway. In Gaelic, 0 Caclhain. Baldwin.-In the western part of N. Connacht some of the 0 Mulligans have nnglicised their .name Baldwin (0 l\faolagain). f
SOME ANGLICISED SURNAMES IN IRELAND. 7 Brothers.-Anglicised form of Broderick and Broder (0 Bruadair), the old Donegal sept name. Brew.-Brew is the anglicised form of the I.O.l\I. surname McBreive (l'.fac Breatheamh), the "son of the judge," from britheamh, judge. The Norse term Deemster super· seded the Britheamh, or Judge, in the I.O.M., and those of the name Deemster is undoubtedly a translation of McBreive and Brew. Buchanan.-This Scottish name in Ulster and Scotland is known by the name of M' Whannan and Mewhannan in many parts of the two countries, from the ancient name of tho district of Buchanan in Stirling County, Scotland, which was Mac A'Chanonaich. The ancient clan name was McAuslan, the name being derived from Ausalan Buoy 0 'Kayn (O'Kane), the founder of the clan in the 11th century, a chief of a branch of the 0 'Kanes of Co. Derry. In the 13th century Gilbrid Mac Auslan, of the junior branch .of the clan, assumed the territorial name of Buchanan, dropping the surname Mac Auslan, and from him descended a family in Co. Tyrone, one of whose descendants was .James Buchanan, President of the United States of America. The senior branch of the clan still retain the ancient name of MacAuslan, from whom some families of McCausland settled in the 17th century in Co. Derry. In Gaelic, Mac Ausalain. Other anglicised forms are Jl.fcCaslan, in Co. Armagh, and l\fcAuslin and McCa~land in vn rious parts of Ulster. Black.-The name Black in Scotland and in Ulster is of distinctly Gaelic origin. It is onC' of the three colour names assumed by branches of thC' Clan Lamond (l\foLaomuinnM' Clymont) after their c1ispersal by tho Campbells of Argyle in the mirldle of thr 17th ~entury, in Gaelic MacGiolladuibh; the other two colour nam<'s b0ing Gray or McAreavy (MacGiolla-reahhaigh), also Reavy; the third being White or Mcilwain (l\fac Gioll-bhfriu). McTlduff and McElduffare two forms of thr name, and thesC' two names are anglicised Black, thC' lattC'r in Mid-Tyron<'. A sept of the McLeans in Arg~·lC' writ<' th0ir namC' l\foilghuie, further anglicised Huie an<l I-IouiC'. and likewise in Gaelic, Mac Giollft-dhuibh. Black was «nitten l\fcBl:wkie in the 18th century. Mcilzeguic (Black) is a form of the Clan Lamonc1 septnamc in Lanarkshire. Bradly.-This name is thr anglicised form of 0 'Brolchain in Derry and Donrgal. 'I'his name is found in Lancnshirc from an early date nucl, I helicYc, is of Norse origin. Amongst the list of Rectorn of Bury Pnrish Church we fiurl "Roger Brntlcley. Rector of Bury Parish Church, 1442."
8 801\U: ANGLlClSED i::lURNA:llES lN JRELAND. Brabazon.-This Norman name has been assumed by some of the Brollaghans in Co. Cavan (O'Brolchain;. The na111e of Brabazon was settlecl early in' the couIJtics of Louth and Meath, and the Earls of l\Ieath bore 1 he name a" l:laron Brabazon of Ardee, by which their ancestor, Sir 8dwanl Brabazon, was elevated to the Peerage of Ireland in 16Hi. 'l'he Brabazons of Cavan should rcassu111p their old Irish surname of 0 'Brollaghan. See Bradly. Baxter.-The name in Ulster and i::lcotland is the anglicised form of l\rnc A 'Bhacstair, a sept of the :M cl\lillans. Com111011 in Perthshire.- '' Son of the Bake!'.'' Benson.-Benson has been assumed by solllc ol' the .M' Gildea sept in Co. Leitrim (.Mac Giolla-De), and .Managhnn (<V:llanach3,jn) in Co. Mayo. Boar.-Some of the name of l\lcCullagh in .:>forth •'ligo have as- . sumed the name of Boar, reckoning that the name was derived from Cullach, a boar. Dr. l\fcBain in his '' Etymological Dictionary" doesn't make the derivation of the Galloway name, McCulloch, plain enough to confirm us that it is derived from Cullach. The Tecognised form amongst Irish writers of the present 1la.y is Mac Con-l'ladh- "The Son of the Hound of Ulster.' ' :lfr Annulla, J'IJ r .\.nna lly, and Menally in Ulster are form~ of Mac Con-Uladh, as also is the l\JcFarlane sept in Dumbarton. i.<'.. :lrdnall~-. Burns.-This narne in Ulster, particularly in Co. Down. is the ang-licisecl form of l\JcBrin and :lieBrinn, in the districts of Kilkeel and 1\foira, in Gaelic :lrac Broin, earlic>s ::\far Conbroine, or l\rac Conboirne. Sonw of the 0 'Byrnps tlrnt came to Ulster at tl10 beginning of the 17th centur.'' liaYe anglicised their name Burns, or it "·ns <'lone for them, likewise the l\rcBurneys and McBirne;vs (l\foc Biornaigh). a Gaelic sept in Dumfries County, hav(' in many cases anglicisP<l their name to Burns. Bywater.-This is the anglicised form of Rtrohnn<> (0 'Sruth:iin) in Co. Waterford and adjoining counties. Blessing.-Blessing is the anglicisNl form n~sumNl h~' some of th<' l\fulvenerty sept (0 'l\Iaoilbheanarhta ). Caulfield.-The other forms of this nnme in Trclnncl. particularly in Fister are ColfiC'ld anrl Cawfield, the latter nam!' being· genernlly pronounc<>d Cawfield in the counti!'s of Arma'!h anc'I Tyron<'. The name Caulfield is th<' family nam!' of the F.arls of Charlemont, nna n~ fnr ns m~- rP~PnrchPs have gone I ran 't
find more than about five families of the name in Ulster who are of English origin, the ancestors of the Charlemont family coming to L'lster from Oxfordshire at the latter end of the reign of Queen Elizabeth, in the 16th century. 'rhosc of the name in Ulster and other parts of Ireland are anglicised forms of Irish sept names. lu South Tyrone nnd the districts of the bordering counties of nJonaghan and "1..rmagh, it is one of the anglicisetl forms of nfac Cathmhaoil (Campbell, which see). ln the districts of Omngh and Strabane, especially in the latter, the name ~rcCawill, one of the angliciscd forms of ~r ac Cathmhaoil, hns been changed to Caulfield anu M' Caulfield. In Omagh and Castlcdcrg <listricts, M' Cowell and :M' Cawell have likC'wisc been anglicised Caulfield. In the district of Kilkeel, Co. Down, M' Keown (Mae Eoghain) has been anglieised Caulfield. '!'his sept M' Keown "·ere in early timC's connected with the ancient church of Creggan ''of the Green Bushes,'' at Crossmaglen, and nnother sept of the ]'.[' Keowns were long connected with the ancient parish of Dcrrynoon, both parishes in Co. Armagh. Like"·ise, in the southern part of the county of Down, Cavanagh and M' Cavanagh has been angliciscd Cawfield and Caulfield, and in C'astern Tyron<', where thC' sept M' Cavanagh (Mac Caomhanaigh) was located, the Ulster Cavanaghs having no connection nor origin with the Cavanaghs and Kavanaghs of Leinster, who are correctly Mac ~rurrhadha-Caomhanaeh. The other references are, according to Father W"olfe, the O'Gamhnains (Goonan), in the counties of Galway anrl. Mayo, districts not specified; i\fac Conghamhna (Gaffney), in Mayo, district not specified; 0 'Gamhna (Gaffn<'y), by 0 'DonoYan, in mi <lland counties and Sligo. districts not specified; and hy F'nther Wolfe, nfac Cathmhaoil in ·wicklow and parts of Connacht, the Ulster form before referred to, and in this rasC' also, districts not specified. Sec Campbell. Cushman, Cashman.-Thrse two namC's are the later anglicised forms of th<' west Munster sept nmne. Kissane (O'Ciosain). Crowe.-'rhis nanH' is thP anglicised form of Mac Conchradha in North Munster. Callum. This is onC' of the anglicisC'd forms of McCallum (:Mac Caluim), which name was writt<'n ()'Callum in Argyleshire in the enrlv part of the 16th rPntury. Cloy.-This is onr of the anglicised forms of .McCloy (Mac Lughaidh), a MrLeod sept in the Isle of Arran. See Fullerton.
10 SOME ANGLICISED SURNAMES IN IRELAND. Church.-This name is rendered Aglish (0 'H-Eaglais), a church. Cudd.-This is the anglicised form of the Manx Mac Uid, the Scottish name :\Jahood being another form, Mac h-Uid. See Hood. Cowley.- Tbis name anc1 Kewlcy arc of Manx origin and are a form of McAulcy (hlac Amh:ilgMirl). Cook.-This name in Ulster and Scotland is the anglicised form of M'Cook (l\fac Cuthaig), also Cookson. Father Wolfe gives Mac Cuag. Coakley.-In the district of Bandon and other parts of South Cork Coakley is the anglicised form of l\lac Caochlaoich (Kehelly) and it is likewise synonymous with Keily and Kehilly in the districts about Dungarvan, Co. Waterford Campbell.-'l'his name is both of Irish and Scottish origin in Ulster. 'l'he Scottish surname as it stands at present is merely a sobriquet derived from Cam, ·~.rry, or crooked; and bcul, mouth; hence Caimbeul. The original name of the clan Campbell was 0 'Duibhne, and its ancient clan name was Siol Diarmuid, or more fully Siol Diarmuid 0 'Duibhne, the hero of the Fenian Cycle, who killed the boar, and which animal the Campbells still retain on their coat of arms. The 0 'Duibhnes were Lords of Lochawe for several centuries since the time their an- ' cestors cnme from Ireland, very probably soon after the fall of the Fianna Eireann. Coming to Scotland before the time of the Fergus Mac Ere incursion, Sir Paul 0 'Duibhne wns Lord ·of Lochawe in the time of Malcolm, King of Scotland, and was known also as Paul an Sporran, or' Paul of the Purse, being Treasurer to that king. Gillespie 0 'Duibhne, or Archibald 0 'Duibhne (See Archibald) as he was known by, who married the heiress of Sir Paul 0 'Duibhne, was the firs.t to assume the name of Campbell, whose name appears on the Exchequer Rolls as holding lands in Menstrie and Sanchie, in Stirling county, in 1216. Colin Mor, the sixth in descent from Gillespie, was the founder of the ''Mac .Caillian l\ror, '' the junior branch of the clan, and the origin of the surname, McCallion, which I'll refer to later. As to the name 0 'Duibhne, Carswell, tho author of the Gaelic version of the Book of Common Prayer, dedicated that work to the LoTd of Argyle, about the commencement of the seventeenth century, whose name was Gillespie 0 'Duibhne, so according to that the clan chiefs had retained the ancient name down to that period. Since that time we find no record of 0 'Duibhnc being in use. McArthur was the senior ruling branch clown to ~fac Caillcnn Mor.
SOME ANGLICISED SURNAMES IN IRELAND. 11 A branch of the McCallions had settled at an early period in Northern Ulster, principally in Donegal, so we find that in the Northern parts of that county, in the Inishowen districts in particular and Co. Derry, the name McCallion, and in the Southern parts of Tyrone, bordering Armagh, ana particularly in the district of Blackwatertown, in Co. Armagh, the McCallions, another form of the name, have assumed the name of Campbell (Mac Caillean). I may mention that some writerl' have confused the name McCallion with McAllen, which is a totally different name: The Irish sept that have changed their name to Campbell is Mac Cathmhaoil (See Caulfield), which name is variously anglieised, namely, McCavill, McCawell, McCowell, Caulfield, M' Caulfield, Camill, M' Howell, McCamphill, Camphill, Cambell, Camble, and Campell. The Mac Cathmhaoil were lords of Kine! Fearadaigh in the barony of Omagh, Co. Tyrone, and held Ardstraw, Clogher, and other districts in the barony. Conor Mac Cawell was Lord of Kine! Fearadaigh in 1252 A.D., so the name is of early origin. The parish of Cloghernie (Termonmagurk, Carrickmore, Co. Tyrone), had many priests of the name; Neal McCamul, rector of Cloghernie died 1367. John Mac Cathmoyle, rector of Cloghernie, died 1440. Arthur Mac Camhaill, Bishop of Clogher, died 1432. In 1395 Art Mac Camael, Bishop of Clogher, was engaged at Clogher building the Chapel of St. Macartan, the Abbey, Cathedral, and two Chapels. Hugh MacCawell, or as he was otherwise called, Mac Angel, Primate of Armagh, belonged to the Clan. He was previously Divinity Lecturer at Louvain, and published there, in 1618, a book called ''The :Mirror of the Sacrament of Penance.'' He died in 1626. We see herein the Co. Tyrone sept of Mac Cathmhaoil held a high position amongst the clansmen of Tyrone. Corbett.-In the districts of Oughterard and North Sligo, respectively, the surnames Caribeen and 0 'Currobeen (0 'Ooirbin) have been anglicisecl Corbett. Clarkson, Clarson.- These two names are angl~eised forms of Mae A' Chleirich and are a sept of the Camerons of Lochiel. Clarke.- This name is the anglicised form of both a Scottish, Manx, and Irish sept. In the first case it is the anglicised form of the Mac A' Chleirich sept of Dumbarton County, Scotland; the other anglicisations of the name being McAlery, McLeery, .M' Cleery, McAleary, Lecky, and Leckie, all those names being found in Ulster. In the second case the old Irish sept name Clery and
12 801\[E ANGLICISED SURNAMES IN IRELAND. Cleary has been anglicised Clarke in the districts of Enniskillen, Co. Permanagh; 'l'uam, Co. Gal11·ay; Baw11boy, Co. Cavan; and in North Sligo, in Gaelic 0' Cleirigh. Clerkin (0' Cleireachain) in North Connacht ancl Co. Cavan has been also anglicised Clarke. Coolson, Coulson.-'rhese two names arc later anglicisn t ions of McCoul and 1\foCool, found in the Isles, Argylcshir<', Donegal and Derry, in Gaelic l\J ac Cumhaill. Carpenter.-'l'hi~ name in the l\l.idlancls and in Southern Ulster, the localities where it is mostly found, is the anglicised form of l\fcAtccr, which name has other anglicised forms as McEntirc, Mcintyre, McEntcer, .l\I' Cateer, and JUcinteer. The Flcottish name, Mcintyre, written the same way in Gaelic (Jl.fac An t-Saoir) has been anglicised Wright in Scotland and Ulster, and it likc11·isc has taken various forms, namely, 1\Iatier, Jl.IJatccr, and M' Tier, and Tear and Tier in the I.0.i\f. Crindle, Crandle, Crangle, Cringle, and Crennal.-(Mac Raghnaill). The five surnames are angliciscd forms of the name M' Crandle, the latter name, Crcnnal, being the anglicised form in the Isle of :!\Ian. Por a fuller reference, see Reynolds. Caskie, Casky.-These names are. the angliciscd forms of l\I' Caskie and 1\fc.\skie (Mac Asgaill). Bee Askie. Chaff.- 'l'his is the anglicised form of Lohan (0 'L6chain) in the Co. Galway. Craw.- 'l'his is an anglicised form of :\frCrae and i\IcRae. See Ray and Rea. Cubbon- Cubbon is the anglicisrcl form of ~f' Kihbon in the I.O.M. (~fac Ghiobuin ). Curphy.-This is the anglicised form of l\[el\Jorrow CJ'.1-fac 1\furchadha) in the I.O.M. Claplin.-This is the anglicised form of 1\fcLachlan (Mac Lach-· lftin) in the Isle of Man, its other form being Laughland. Cowen.- Cowen is the later anglicised form of Keohane (0 'Ce6chain) in the districts about Bandon, Co. Cork. Condon.-In the districts surrounding Lismore and other parts in Western Waterford and East Cork, the Norman name, Condon, has brt>n substituted for the lrisb sept name, Covnoon (0 'Cuanain).
SOME A~GLICISED SURNAMES IN IRELAND. 13 Comerford.-At Granartl, in North Longford, antl in Co. Cavan and other parts of Southern Ulster the Irish sept name, Cumisky, and its other forms, in Gaelic Mac Cumascaigh, has been changed to the Norman name, Comerford. Creagh.-'l'his name seems mysterious in its origin to some of us. The name is, therefore, derived in origin from a branch of the 0 'lVfulcrePvy sept that occupied the district in Co. Down now known as Groomsport, east of Bangor, and this branch referred to went south to Munster about 500 years ago, assuming the name of Creagh (O'Maol-chraoibhe). Those of the name who remained in Ulster have, in latter clays, anglicisccl the name Mulcreevy, Mulgrew, Mulgroo in 'l'hc Fews, Co. Armagh; ancl to Rice in N.E. Ulster Coun· tics. Dr. Richard Creagh, PTimate of Armagh in the clays of Seain 1f6r 0 'Neill, was also called Richard 0 'Melcrebus, a Latinised form of the name, :incl he belonged to the principal family of the name in North Munster. Sec Rice. Cox.-This name is the anglicised form of some few Irish sept names, in the first case being the anglicisecl form of 11' Gilly (Mac Concailleaclha). M' Gilly is found in the northern parts of Co. Armagh, and southern Co. Tyrone. This is the older form of Mac Conchoille, and is also anglicisecl Woods. It is an Orghiall sept name, ancl Cox in the district of Clones, Co. Monaghan, is one of its angliciscd forms. Father Woulfe quotes the following from Dr. 0 'Donovan: Mac Coiligh, in Co. Roscom· mon; O'Coiligb, in Co. Donegal ancl North Connacht; Mac Conchoillc, in Fermanagh and Monaghan, referred to above; and Mac Coilgin, in Co. Corle Sec Woods. Craig.-'l'his name is found in Scotland and Ulster, ancl, according to :Moore, was fouucl in the I.O.M. in the form of Carraigc in 1599. According to ''Mac An T-Sionnaigh,'' in the ''Celtic Monthly,'' a Scottish publication, the surname is of early origin in Ayrshire and in Abercleeshire. I am of the strong opinion that its origin was, in Gaelic, Mac Con· charraige, the Gaelic form of the north-cast Ulster surname of Carrick and M' Carrick, which name has been anglicised Rocks in the Lower Fews, Co. Armagh. In the case of ·t being found in Aberdeen, a great number of various West of Scotland septs migrated, it seems, at one period to Aber· cleenshire as Innes, Milne, Allan, angliciscd forms of Mcin· ncs, M'Millin, am1 McAJlan. Cammaish.·-This name in the J.0.1\f. is principally found in the northern part of the Island, in Gaelic MacThomais.
14 SOME ANGLICISED SURNAMES IN IRELAND. Callister.-This is the anglicised form of McAlister (Mac Alasdair) in the I.0.M., and is found in the districts to the north. Caird.-This name in Scotland is the anglicised form of Mac NaCeardadh. It is also anglicised Tinkler in the West of Scotland. Comish.- Mac Thomais. This is the I.O.M. form of the Scottish name M' Comish and McOmish. See Cammaish. Cain, Caine.-These names are of Manx origin, ancl the Gaelic of the surnames is, according to Moore, Mac Cathain. Cunningham.-'rhough there are about five or six forms of this south-western Scottish name, the one given is the most common. Several Irish sept names have been anglicised Cunningham and its various forms, namely: In the district of the Glenties, Co. Donegal, we find M' Cunnigan (Mac Cuinneagain); in the districts of Castleblayney ancl Carrickmacross, Co. Monaghan, Kennigan and Kinnian, respectively (0 'Cuinneagain and 0 'Cuinneachain); at Lisburn, Co. Antrim, ancl in Co. Derry Coonaghan (also 0 'Cuinneachain) ; and in western Derry, eastern parts of Donegal, and in Tyrone, Conaghan (0 'Connachain), the latter also in North Connacht. It is also anglicised from Kinahan in Southern Ulster (0 'Cuinneachain) ancl Conagan in Orghiall (0 'Connagain). Casement, Caseman.-This is the anglicised form of the I.O.M. name, Mac Easmuinn. This name is of Norse-Gaelic origin, its earliest form being :Mac As-mundr. It was written Mac Casmoncle in 1429, ancl Mac Casmund in 1511. The Casement family of Co. Antrim came from Ramsay, I.O.M., about the beginning of the 18th century. Carthur, Carter.-Mac Arthair. See Arthurs. Carson.-1'his name is of Picto-Cymric origin in the ancient kingdom of Strathclyde, and was written in the early centuries Ap' Corsane, and later Corsan. One of the name was Vicar of Dumfries in 1400, ancl Sir John Ap' Corsan flourished in 1469. One of the name was Provost of Dumfries. Crawford.---Crawforcl in central Ulster ancl the north-west is the anglicisecl form of the Ulster sept name, Cravigan (Mac Crabhagain), though some families of the name in N.E. Ulster are of Scottish origin. Cuffe.-The name Cuffe has been assumed by some of the Durnins (O'Doirnin) in Co. Mayo, an old Co. Donegal }/
SOl\IE A~GLICISED SURNAl\IES I~ IRELAND. 15 sept; by Coffey (0 'Cobhthaigh) in County Cork; and, according to Father Woulfc, Mac Dhuibh in Wexford. It has also been assumed by 0 'Dornins in Munster. Carlton.-This name in Ulster and Scotland is the anglicised form of M' Kerrill, a Galloway sept descended from an Irish Chief called 0 'Carroll, who obtained lands in Carrick, Ayrshire. The descendants of this 0 'Carroll own lands in Wigtonshire, Cruggleston Castle being owned by them. The name is also anglicised Carolton, McCarloe, Mc Carlie, Kerly, McKerlie, and Mc Kerrill (Mac Cearbhaill). Several of the name passed over to Ulster within the 17th and 18th centuries. Clowery.- This is a form of Lowry (:Mac Labharaigh). -Olowney.-Mac Cluanaigh. Soc Leonard. ::ir' Cluney in ~- Antrim. Crohore.-0 'Cromhthair. This is an ancient Northern Ulster sept, and may be of Pictish origin. It is written sometimes Con· nor. Chambers.-This name in Northern Ulster is the anglicised form of M 'Cambridge (Mac Ambr6is), a McDonnell sept. Carr.- This name in Southern parts of Donegal, especially the original location of the sept, and in other parts of the NorthWestern counties of Ulster is the anglicised form of l\IcElhar and Mcllhair (Mac Giolla-Chatair). It is also changed to Kerr, to my own personal knowledge in the latter case in Armagh and Tyrone. · Crennal.-This name is the Manx form of the Scottish McRannal (Mac Ranuill). Cuthbertson.-This Scottish name is the angliciscd form of M' Coubrey (Mac Cuthbreith-thc son of St. Cutubert). The name is derived from St. Cuthbert, Bishop of Lindisfarne, '.t popular saint amongst the Picts, Gaels and Angles. Its older, and certainly correct form was Mac Giolla- Cuthbhreith. It is also written McCaubry. Dowie.-This name is a shortened form of l\facILDowie & McGildowie. (MacGiolla-Dhubhthaigh). From St. DubhthachSon of the Servant of St. Dubhthach-Doey in Antrim and Duthie in Scotland arc other shortenerl anglicisations. Dow, Dove.- These two names are anglicised forms of McCalman, and adopted by a branch of that sept which was descended from Columan, the third son of the 7th Lord of Buchanan in Stirling Co., the name McColman being derived from Colm,
Hi SOME ANGLICISED SuRNXHES IK lRELAND. a dove, hence the anglicisation of above names (Mac Calmain). llicCalmont is a form. Douglas.-This name, rrccording to Wm. Buchanan, was early writ· ten MacDouglas, and the sept is descended from ::\[cDufl', Thanes of }'ife, Scotland, and tho origin of the name arose from the black complexion and grey green dress of the first owner of the name, dubh-black, and glas-grcy-green. (Mac Dubhglas). Downey, Downie, Dooney.-These names are the anglicisod forms of 0 'Dunadhaigh, a Co. Kerry Sept, the name being found in most parts of Munster, and in South Galway and Clare. It is also written Mac Dunadhaigh in Connacht, and we find it in the counties of central Lcinster under tho form of Muldowney (0 'Maol-Dhomhnaigh), which name is generally anglicised Mullovrncy, l\[oloncy, l\folloncy, and l\Iulldowney_ The Ulster sept name, Downey, has a different origin, and it is found differently anglicised as Downey in the d1~ tricts of Banbridge and Rathfriland, Co. Down. In Antrim we find it McGilclownoy and l\follclowncy, likewise it is widely distributed in the latter forms and as McEldowney in the district of Rwatcragh, and those adjoining. In the district of Pointzpass, and those adjoining in the counties of Do"-n and Armagh, which is inhabited by a population mostly descended from Scottish settlers, "·here we find such Korth of Scotland names as McGildowic, :i\Iclldowie, McNish, McRannal, McGilbridc, etc., we find it written there McGildowncy, 1\rcildowney, McEldowney and Downey. In the Korth of Scotland we find it in the form of Downie. The Scottish Gaelic form of the name is 1\Iac GhilleD6mhnaich. The Irish form being Mac Giolla Domhnaigh. The origin of this name goes back to Maoldomhnach, one of the Lords of the Buchanans of Lenny in Stirling County, from whom the sept sprang and got the name. The Rcottish sept occupied the districts of Strathearn anr1 Strathdon, the former on the southern banks of the River Tay between Perth and Abernethy, the latter place being the capital of the ancient Pictish kingdom; Strnthdon lying near the ancient district of Mar, in Aberdeen, the principal sent of the Eoghanacht clans of Scotland. The name was written in Perthshire, about two hundrc<l years ago, l\foAlclonich, and probably the sept came to Ulster in the early pnrt of the 16th century, as the !\I' Glades, M'Ycnghs, 1\fcFcC's, l\foDaicls, and several others of the septs of the Western Isles and Argyle came either as Auxiliary soldiers to the 0 'Donnells, or forced through religious disabilities accompanying the Scottish Reformation, etc.
SOME ANGLICISED SURNAl\IES IN IRELAND. 17 De Moleyns.--'l'he 0 'l\lullen sept of Co. Clare have in some cases assumed the Norman name of De .M.oleyns. Dagnall.-8ome Irish people of the name of Duignan and Dignan (O'Duibhgeannain) in Lancashire have assumed the name of Dagnall, a common name in Lancashire. This is not an isolated case, because several other names have been changed by Irish people in England. It is not so common in Scotland. See Johnston and Johnson. Dunlap, Dunlop.-These two Scottish names are anglicised forms of McDunlevy (Mac Duinnshleibhe), whose ancestors went to Scotland from eastern Ulster some 600 years ago. Delap is a more modern anglicisation. In Donegal and Derry, the O'Lappins (0' Lap:iin) have assumed the name of Dunlap. Donald, Donaldson.-These two names, and there are about a dozen more forms, are the later anglicised forms of McDonald. (In Irish Gaelic l\Iac D6mhnaill, in Scottish Gaelic Mac D6mhnuill). Davenport, Dunford, and Dunworth.-These three names are the anglicised forms of 0 'Donndhubhartaigh in Co. Clare. Downes.-This name is the anglicised form of Duan and Duane (O'Dubh:iin), in Munster generally. Downing, Dunning.- 'rhese two names are the later anglicised forms of Downey and Dunneen, respectively, in South Munster. 0 'Dunadhaigh being the Gaeli~ of the 0 'Downey sept of Co. Kerry, and 0 'Duinnin the Gaelic of tho other sept O'Dunneen. Dickson.-ln the district of Ballymoney and surrounding parts, in North Antrim, the surnames Deehan ::ind Deighan have been anglicised Dickson (O'Diochon). Dickson itself is a SouthEast of Scotlanr1 name, having its origin in tho English Pale of that country. Deemster.-1\fac Breitheamh. See Brew. Denison, Deniss.- In the distrits of Cong, Co. Mayo, and Sligo the name l\foDonagh (Mac Donnchadh) has been anglicised Denison and Deniss. The McDonru~hs were a branch off from the McDermotts of l\foylurg, and ruled in Sligo. Davison, Davis.- In the districts about Dungannon, and in Co. Derry, l\foDaid and l\foDade have anglicised the name Davison and Davis, in Gaelic Mac Daibheicl. The name Davitt, Devit-, Devith, and McDavitt nre othC'r forms of McDaid,
18 SOME ANGLICISED SURNAMBS IN IRELAND. anJ it probably seems the name is a branch of the Clan Davison of the North of 8cotland. Phelim Reagh McDavitt was i:3ir Cahir 0 'Doherty 's right-hantl man at the taking and burning of the ''maiden 11 city of Derry, in 1608, and the families to whom Phelim Reagh belongs, were known by the nickname of ''The Burn-Derrys, 11 and many families of this branch migratetl later to Co. :Mayo and it has been said that the family from whom Michael Davitt sprang was of the ''Burn-Derry 11 families. Dormer.- 0 'Duibhdhiormaigh. See Darby. Dewar.-Dewar is the anglicised form of Mcindeor (Mac An Deoir). The Mcindeors were for generations the keepers of the Bachal or Staff of St. Finan. 11J clndewer is another form. The name is numerous in the counties of Perth and Stirling. Darragh.- 'rhis name in Ulster is of Scottish origin, and has been further anglicised Oaks, from the word dair, an oak, entering into its construction. The origin of the Darraghs arose through a branch of the J\l"cllwrnths, written in the 17th century Mclleraich, a sept of the McDonal<l, who used oak sticks in repelling a raid of the McLeods. The J\follwraths were in early ti!nes located in West County of Ross, :mcl later in the Isle of Jura, whose name in Gaelic is J\fac Giolla-riabhaigh. Darragh and Darroch in Gaelic is Darach, or, in full, Mac Giolla-rin bhaigh-Darach, as this Scottish name should be written. Dorman.-This is an anglicised form of O'Dornan (O'Dornain). Delahide, Delahoyde.- 'l'his name in Co. Cavan has been assumed by some of the old Co. Donegal sept of Skinnion (0 'Scingin), who were Historiographers to the O'Donnells before the 0 'Clerys. Dawson.-In the surrounding districts of Ballyshannon. on the borders of Fermanagh and Donegal, the name Durrian (0 'De6rain) has been anglicised Dawson. Dawson in Scotland is one of the anglicised forms of Davison, and Davy another. See Diwison. Darby.-Darby in Ulster is one of the anglicised forms of 0 'Dooyearma (O'Duibhdiorma), an old Donegal sept that was locat11d in the district of Bredagh, near Lough Swilly. 0 'Dugan, the Topographer, writes of them: "0 'Dooyearma of exalted famf' 11 ruled over BrC'ilach arnl belQnged to the Kine] Eoglrnin. Though the name is otherwise Dermott,
t:>011E ANGLIClSED t:>URNAMEt:l lN lRELAND. 19 etc., in Ulster, the sept has no origin or connection with the McDermott sept in North Connacht. It is also anglicised Dormer in Co. ]\[oath. The Diarmids of N.E. Ulster belong to the clan Campbell, Argyle. Elligood.- This is one of the anglicised forms of McElligot (Ma.c Giollagh6id). Elmore.- 'rhis is the anglicised form of 0 'h-Iomna in Omeath and other parts of S.E. Ulster. Edmundson.--This name in Ulster is tho anglicised form of McAimon, the other forms being McE<lmond and M' Keeman, in Gaelic Mac Eamoinn, and the sept is a branch of the Clan .Mac Gregor. English, Englishby.-'l'hese two names are the anglicised forms of Goligly in The Fews, Co. Armagh; and of Golagley more south, in Gaelic Mac An Ghall6glaigh, the ''Son of the Galloglass,'' or Auxiliary soldier. Tho other anglicisations are Golightly in Co. Louth, and Ingoldsby, the latter name and Englishby being the anglicised forms in the districts surrounding Ardee. Eason, Essie, Eassie.-These three :names are the anglicised forms of a l\[clntosh sept called McAy, but have no connection with MacKay, though' written the same way in Gaelic, Mac Aoi.dh. Ayson is a form. Ewing, Ewings, Ewan.-'rhese three names are another form of }J cEwen, in Gaelic Mac Eoghainn. J\f' Ewing is a form. Eunson.- l\rac Eoghainn. An anglicisecl form of McEwen. Erskine.-Erskine is the name of the Earls of :Mar, Aberdeen. Domhnull, High Stewart of Mar, son of Eimhin, and Chief of the Eoghanacht Clans of Mar in Abenloon, was descended from Leamha Maino, the ancestor of tho 0 'Moriartys and other septs of Wost Munster. He and tho High Stewart of Leamhna (Lennox), now partly in StirHng county, descendants of Core, king of Munster, with several other chiefs of the Albanian Scots, came to the assistance of Brian Boru, at the Battle of Clontarf, in 1014, in which engagement they foll. Early.-This name has been assumed by some members of two Irish septs. The first is Loughran in Co. Tyrone, especially in the disti·icts about Dungannon.- 0 'Luchaireain. The second is Maghory (0 'Maolmochairghe) which name itself seems to be very rarely found and only in a few districts.
20 SOME ANGLICISED SURNAMES IN IRELAND. Eddie, Eddy.-MacAdaidh, See Adie. Finlay, Findlay, Finlayson.-These names are the anglicised form& of Mac Fhionnlaigh, derived from fionn, fair and laich, a warrior. The Norsemen assumed the name in the form of Finnleikr. M 'Kinlay and M 'Ginlay are forms of the name, the latt;r name being assumed by a branch of the sept who settled in Donegal. They are a sept of the Clan Farquharson. Fivey.-This name is the anglicised form of Quigley in the Northern parts of Ulster, in Gaelic 0 'Coigligh. See Quigg and · Twiggley. Free, Freeman.- In the districts about Castlerea and Tubbercurry, in North Connacht, the names Seery and Seerey (O'Saoraidhe) have been anglicised Free and Freeman. Fletcher.-This name, in Ulster and Scotland, is the anglicised form of Mac an Leastair. This sept were chiefs of the districts of Auchallader and Baravurich in Glenarchy, and occupied Drimfearn in the 10th century, and migrated to Glenarchy where they became arrow-makers to the Clan McGregor. In all documents previous to the Scottish Rising of 1715, the name is written Macinleister, after which time it was changed to Fletcher. The name has also been changed to Lister and M' Lester, confusing it with McAllister. Ford.-There are about five Irish septs who have changed their names to Ford. The first is M'Kinnawe and Kineavy (Mac Conshnamha), a sept that ruled in Muinntirkenny, Co. Leitrim or Clan Cionnaith, which lay near Lough Allen, in the parish of Innismagrath. 0 'Dugan writes of this sept that they ruled ''a country sheltered from the wind, Mac Conshnamha rules over Clan Kenny. '' The sept shortened .the name to Mac an Atha, and is mostly found in N. Connacht taking in N. Co. Galway. The other names that have been anglicised Ford are McAneave (Mac Giolla-na-Naomh), which name in South Tyrone has become Gildernew, and other parts of Tyrone, Agnew. In 1\fayo and Galway Mac Giollarnath and O'Giollarnath have been anglicised Ford. In Co. Cork 0 'Foran (0 'Fuartbain) has been likewise anglicised. Fox.-This name is the anglicised form of several Irish sept names. The most prominent of these are 0 'Caherney (0 'Catharnaigh), or " An Sionnach,'' i.e., "The Fox,'' an old Sept
SOME .ANGLICISED SURNAMES IN IRELA~D. 21 in Meath and Longford. The 0 'Caherneys were chiefs of the ancient district now known as the barony of Kilcoursey, in King's Co., and were originally of the line of :Maine, the first chief of Taffia, and fourth son of Niall of the Nine Hostages. The Fox family of Fox Hall, Co. Longford, claims descent from Teige ''Sionnach'' 0 'Catharnaigh. In 1568, Sir Patrick Fox of Moyvore, in Westmeath, was Clerk and Interpreter of Irish to the State. This Sept also occupied the barony of Kilkenny West in ancient Taffia in early times, but later confined to Muintir-Tadhgain, now barony of Kilcoursey. It is hard to say when the Sept assumed the name of ''The Fox,'' but it only stands as a sobriquet, in the same way as the Scottish names, Cameron (from Cam, crooked, and sron, nose-i.e., Wry-~ose-the chief family of that clan being McSorley -and ~r cGillonie). However, the first of the name we meet with in Irish records is above, Teige (Sionnach) 0 'Catharnaigh, who was killed in battle in 1084. Later we find Neal Sinnach, killed at the Battle of Athenry in 1316, during the reign of Edward Bruce, as King of Ireland, whether he was fighting on the side of the Scots-Irish army, or on that of the AngloNormans, I am unable to tell. The Ulster sept that has anglicised the name Fox, is the South Tyrone sept of Mae An t-Sionnaigh, also found anglicised in the district of Eglish, Dungannon ; in Tyrone. as :\fcAtinny ; Tinney in Donegal, and ~lc.Ashinagh in Fermanagh and in most parts of N.W. Ulster. I know two brothers at Dungannon, one lives in the country, and is known by no other name tha·o ~foAtinny; the other lives in town and is known by thP. name of Fox. I am acquainted with two other instances in the case of J\f' Gronan and Reynolds, !f' Crory and Rogers. There are numerous instances of this in the Five States of Ireland. The name McShanaghy, in the districts surrounding Bawnboy, Co. Cavan; Shanaghy in the district of Ballinagh in the same county, and in Gra.nard district, Co. Longford; Shanaghan in the districts o-1' Mullingar, Cavan Town, Tuam and Gort, Co. Galway; Shinnagh in North Sligo; Shonnagh in the district of Oughterard, Co. Galway; Shunny in the district of Mullinahone, Co. Tipperary; Shunnagh in Gort, Co. <i-alway; Shannon and Shanan in South Wexford, and Giltinane in South Clare have interchanged to Fox, the foregoing names respectiYely, are, which number :five, Mac Seanchaidhe, 0 'Seanachain, 0 'Seani\,in, 0 'Seanaigh, and Mac Giolla t-Seani\,in. Torker.-This name is an angllrised form of Farquharson and Farquhar (Mac Fearchair), an Aberdeen Clan, whose other angliriRed forms are M'Kercher, :;\f'Kerracher, and M'Caragher in Ulster.
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